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1. Orange County Economic Development Consortium, World Wide Web site, 1996 (http://www.orangecountyedc.com).
2. Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources.
3. Employee Benefits Research Institute, Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured, Analysis of the March 1996 Current Population Survey. EBRI Issue Brief Number 179. November 1996.
4. National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 1997. Year of data is 1994.
5. Area Resource File as of February 1996, Office of Research and Planning, Bureau of Health Professions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Data are a five-year annual average from 1988 to 1992.
6. American Hospital Association, database of the 1995 Annual Survey of Hospitals. Figures do not include long-term care units in hospitals.
7. Ibid.
8. Estimates are based on the 1996 American Medical Association Master File and the 1996 American Osteopathic Association Master File. Includes physicians in direct patient care, excluding some specialties (radiology, anesthesiology, pathology), residents and fellows.
9. Exemptions to the enrollment cap were granted to the University of California at Irvine Medical Center and Children’s Hospital of Orange County.
10. Orange County Business Council, 1996.
11. Most are zero premium products that include prescription drug and other "free" benefits.
12. Large physician organizations such as MedPartners and St. Jude Heritage Health Foundation include medical groups and IPAs within their structure.
13. Physicians continue to maintain the employment relationships they had prior to MedPartners’ purchase of their assets (e.g., in their relevant own professional corporation).
14. "The Future of Practice Management," Integrated Healthcare Report. April 1996.
15. "Orange County Hospitals Feeling the Competitive Squeeze," Orange County Business Times. July 29, 1996.
16. Four local hospitals joined when two national hospital corporations merged to form Tenet Health Corporation. Two facilities -- Western Medical Center and Hospital-Anaheim and Western Medical Center Santa Ana -- formerly were owned by the not-for-profit United Western system. OrNda acquired this system in 1996.
17. InterStudy Competitive Edge Regional Market Analysis 6.2, February 1997.
18. Blue Cross of California converted to for-profit status and launched the holding company, WellPoint Health Systems, for operations outside of California.
19. Integrated Healthcare Report, September 1996.
20. Ginsburg, P.B., and N.J. Fasciano, eds., The Community Snapshots Project, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1996.
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